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In this country, we have a tremendous sense of fair play.
Our sense of fair play dictates to us that if both sides give equally, then
that's fair. If Fred puts his home up for sale at $200,000, Susan makes an offer
at $190,000, and both Fred and Susan are eager to compromise, both of them tend
to be thinking, "If we settled at $195,000 that would be fair, because we
both gave equally." Maybe it's fair and maybe it isn't. It depends on the
opening negotiating positions that Fred and Susan took. If the house is really
worth $190,000 and Fred was holding to his over-inflated price only to take
advantage of Susan having falling in love with his house, then it's not fair. If
the house is worth $200,000 and Susan is willing to pay that, but is taking
advantage of Fred's financial problems, then it isn't fair. So, don't fall into
the trap of thinking that splitting the difference is the fair thing to do when
you can't resolve a difference in price with the other side.
With that misconception out of the way, let me point out
that Power Negotiators know that Splitting the Difference does not mean
splitting it down the middle. Just split the difference twice and the split
becomes 75 percent/25 percent. Furthermore, you may be able to get the other
side to split the difference three or more times. I once negotiated with a bank
that had a blanket encumbrance over several properties that I owned. I had sold
one property out from under the blanket, and our contract entitled them to a
$32,000 pay-down of the loan. I offered them $28,000. I got them to offer to
split the difference at $30,000. Over a period of weeks until this four-unit
building closed, I was able to get them to offer to split the difference again
at $29,000; and at $28,500 and finally they agreed to $28,250.
Here's how that this Gambit works:
The first thing to remember is that you should never offer to split the
difference yourself, but always encourage the other person to offer to split the
difference.
Let's say that you're a building contractor. You have been working on getting a
remodeling job that you bid at $86,000 and for which they offered $75,000.
You've been negotiating for a while, during which time you've been able to get
the owners of the property up to $80,000, and you've come down to $84,000 with
your proposal. Where do you go from there? You have a strong feeling that if you
offered to split the difference they would agree to do so, which would mean
agreeing at $82,000.
Instead of offering to split the difference, here's what you should do. You
should say, "Well, I guess this is just not going to fly. It seems like
such a shame though. We've spent so much time on this proposal, and we've come
so close to a price with which we could both live. It seems like a shame that
it's all going to collapse, when we're only $4,000 apart."
If you keep stressing the time that you've spent on it and the small amount of
money that you're apart on the price, eventually the other people will say,
"Look, why don't we split the difference."
You say, "Let's see, splitting the difference, what would that mean? I'm at
$84,000 and you're at $80,000. What you're telling me is you'd come up to
$82,000? Is that what I hear you saying?"
"Well, yes," they say. "If you'll come down to $82,000, then
we'll settle for that." In doing this you have immediately shifted the
negotiating range from $80,000 to $84,000. The negotiating range is now $82,000
- $84,000, and you have yet to concede a dime.
So you say, "$82,000 sounds a lot better than $80,000. Tell you what, let
me talk to my partners," (or whatever other higher authority you've set up)
"and see how they feel about it. I'll tell them you came up to $82,000, and
we'll see if we can't put it together now. I'll get back to you tomorrow."
The next day you get back to them and you say, "Wow, are my partners tough
to deal with right now. I felt sure that I could get them to go along with
$82,000, but we spent two hours last night going over the figures again, and
they insist that we'll lose money if we go a penny below $84,000. But good
golly. We're only $2,000 apart on this job now. Surely, we're not going to let
it all fall apart when we're only $2,000 apart?"
If you keep that up long enough, eventually they'll offer to split the
difference again.
If you are able to get them to split the difference again, this Gambit has made
you an extra $1,000 of bottom line profit. However, even if you can't get them
to split the difference again and you end up at the same $82,000 that you would
have done if you had offered to split the difference, something very significant
happened here. What was the significant thing that happened?
Right. They think they won because you got them to propose splitting the
difference at $82,000. Then you got your partners to reluctantly agree to a
proposal the other side had made. If you had suggested splitting the difference,
then you would have been putting a proposal on the table and forcing them to
agree to a proposal that you had made.
That may seem like a very subtle thing to you, but it's very significant in
terms of who felt they won and who felt they lost. Remember, the essence of
Power Negotiating is to always leave the other side thinking that he or she won.
So the rule is never offer to Split the Difference, but always encourage the
other person to offer to Split the Difference.
Key points to remember:
1. Don't fall into the trap of thinking that splitting the difference is the
fair thing to do.
2. Splitting the difference doesn't mean down the middle because you can do it
more than once.
3. Never offer to split the difference yourself; instead encourage the other
person to offer to split the difference.
4. By getting them to offer to split the difference, you put them in a position
of suggesting the compromise. Then you can reluctantly agree to their proposal,
making them feel that they won.
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